1. Lub tshuab luam ntawv siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag kom them cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis muaj lub teeb, kom lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev kho qhov muag pom, cov duab qub yog duab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib kho qhov muag.

2. Cov duab ib feem yog tsis illuminated, yog li cov nto ntawm lub teeb conductor tseem muaj ib tug nqi, thaum lub cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj daim duab yog illuminated, yog li ntawd tus nqi ntawm cov nto ntawm lub teeb conductor kis mus rau hauv av ntawm lub substrate, thiaj li hais tias tus nqi nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub teeb conductor kis mus rau hauv av ntawm lub substrate. them rau ntawm qhov chaw ploj, yog li tsim cov duab electrostatic latent.

3. Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electrostatic, toner nrog opposite polarity nqi yog siv los hloov cov duab electrostatic latent nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib kho qhov muag rau hauv cov duab toner nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electrostatic, cov duab toner nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag raug xa mus rau saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv luam kom tiav cov txheej txheem luam ntawv.